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Revelation 1-5 (Word Biblical Commentary 52a), by David E. Aune
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Dr. David Aune’s thoroughness in this definitive commentary on the first five chapters of the book of Revelation is nothing short of monumental. “More is known today about the textual tradition of Revelation than about any other book in the New Testament,” he asserts. In an introductory section that could easily stand alone as a book, he presents a comprehensive inventory and evaluation of all categories of textual evidence, and an exhaustive assessment of peculiarities of the syntax in the Greek written by John of Patmos.
Scholars and pastors will appreciate Aune’s extensively annotated translation of the text, and his insights into the variant readings and nuances of every significant word.
An advocate of source criticism, Dr. Aune examines the full range of secular and biblical literature in search of possible sources for the striking literary devices in Revelation. His mastery of an incredibly broad range of ancient writings enables him to compare every pericope of Revelation to the literary traditions of the ages that preceded its writing, and thus to evaluate the possible sources for the forms John employed to write his vision. Although this volume of the Word Biblical Commentary series deals only with the first five chapters of Revelation, Aune’s detailed introductory comments scrutinize the entire expanse of this mysterious book. He provides an expanded outline of all twenty-two chapters and focuses on the implications for the book of Revelation of such matters as:
- the use of chronological eschatological visions
- the recurring sets of sevens
- the paired angelic revelations beginning in 17:1 and 21:9
- the scenes in the heavenly throne room with their hymns
- possible connections between the scrolls in chapters 5 and 10
All serious students of Revelation will value this latest effort to unravel its mysteries.
As he familiarizes his readers with myriad possible ways to see every detail in the text, Dr. Aune stakes out his own ambitious but well-informed theories. He calls his readers to look afresh at a majestic book, a book at once profoundly Jewish and Christian, and to think with him about how this marriage of dissimilar apocalyptic traditions might have taken place.
- Sales Rank: #376836 in Books
- Published on: 1997-09-09
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 2.04" h x 6.28" w x 9.41" l, 1.89 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 592 pages
About the Author
DAVID AUNE is Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins at the University of Notre Dame. He holds an M.A. from Wheaton Graduate School of Theology, an M.A. from the University of Minnesota, and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Among his publications are The New Testament in its Literary Environment and Greco-Roman Literature and the New Testament (editor).
Most helpful customer reviews
28 of 39 people found the following review helpful.
Very scholarly but deist assumptions
By A Customer
On the one hand this book is scholarly and thus a great pleasure to read, with many Greek and Hebrew words without any of these horrible transliterations. On the other hand, Aune uses the ideas of the German deist school, which lead to reject the textual and historical (Church Fathers, etc.) evidence for the date, composition, authorship of New Testament docuemnts such as the book of Revelation. A defense of the Christian views (date, composition, author, etc.) on Revelation, which refutes Aune's old liberal arguments, can be found for example in "An Introduction to the New Testament" by D. A. Carson, Douglas Moo and Leon Morris, which book I recommend.
Liberal scholars will certainly greatly benefit from Aune's volumes on Revelation (I only have volumes 52A and 52B, but I assume the next volumes will be similar). To those looking for a Christian commentary on Revelation, I would rather not recommend Aune's books.
36 of 37 people found the following review helpful.
A Database for Specialists
By Alan Garrow
Aune's commentary sometimes has the feel of trying to drink from a fire hose. The full bibliographies and extensive notes on textual variants are comprehensive, navigable and useful. Aune's knowledge of ancient literature is also certainly impressive but of doubtful usefulness. This is perhaps best illustrated by the fact that forty-seven pages of 'comment' on Revelation 5:1-14, including twenty-nine pages of grammatical notes, statistics and references to ancient literature, lead to a single page of 'explanation', (where the rubber hits the road in a commentary you might think), fully half of which is merely a recitation of the events described in these verses. Under the weight of so much preparatory material you might expect that the 'explanation' would have formed some jewel of great price. At the risk of being unkind, probably the most profound insight that he, and we, get for the trouble is, 'The striking contrast between the two images [Lion and Lamb 5:6] suggests the contrast between the type of warrior messiah expected by first-cenury Judaism and the earthly ministry of Jesus as a suffering servant of God (see Mat 1:2-6=Luke 7:18-23).'
The aspect of Aune's commentary that deserves to excite the most scholarly debate is his espousal of a multi-source theory of composition. This view has been generally out of favour for some time and so Aune deserves to be commended for taking on this difficult question. In short, Aune suggests three stages of composition. First, the composition of twelve discreet sections of the text in the course of the early prophetic career of the author (a sort of John's greatest hits?). Second, these units are embedded in a longer narrative - the so-called 'First Edition'. Third, further material is added at the beginning and end of the text, with further additions to the body of the text, to arrive at the 'Second Edition'.
The original twelve discreet sections (the early 'hits') 7:1-17; 10:1-11; 11:1-13; 12:1-18; 13:1-18; 14:1-20; 17:1-18; 18:1-24; 19:11-16; 20:1-10; 20:11-15; 21:9-22:5 are initially identified by the presence of 'little if any continuity of the dramatis personae' (p.cxix). This is simply untrue. I was able to find at least twelve characters who were not confined to only one of these sections.
At the second compositional step, according to Aune, John wrote, 'an overall sequential scheme to make the composition comprehensible' (!) (p.cxxix). The extent of Aune's 'First Edition' is difficult to pin down. On p.cxx it is said to run approximately from 1:7-12a; 4:1-22:5. Meanwhile on p.cxxx it is said to have a redactional link (4.1) that connects 1:9-20 and 4:2-22:9. By further contrast, on p.74, we are told that 'Revelaton 1:9-11 looks very much like the original beginning of Revelation (which immediately followed the title in 1:1-3), which was probably followed by Revelation 4:1-6:17.
Aune's views on the extent of the additions used to create the 'Second Edition' are also variable. On p.cxx these consist of 1:1-3,4-6; 1:12b-3:22; 22:6-21. On p.cxxxiv they are instead 1:1-6; 1:12b-3:22; 22:6-21. On p.cxxxii they are 1:1-3; 1:12b-3:22; 22:6-21, or, on the same page, 22:5-21. On p.74-5 it is claimed that Revelation 1:12-20 was inserted together with 2:1-3:22 to form the Second Edition.
These variations almost suggest a two or three stage composition for Aune's commentary. However, the case for multiple source for Revelation does not, so far as I can see, hold up. In his introduction Aune recognises various verses that 'homogenise the text'. He has to account for these as interpolations by an editor, or expansions by the author. In all Aune cites forty instances of additions, expansions, glosses, interpolations, etc., in the introduction. Not satisfied with this Aune appeals to further later additions when he encounters difficulties in his commentary e.g. on pp.36, 58-9, 74.
Aune's overstatement of the distinctive character of his twelve separate 'oracles'; his uncertainty regarding the precise shape of the 'First' and 'Second Edition'; and his appeal to numerous later additions in order to sustain his theory, means that his source proposal hasn't convinced me. Richard Bauckham's contention that Revelation is perhaps the most unified text in the New Testament has, I think, easier to defend.
The sheer size of this project inspires awe. Such reverence is justified when it comes to the bibliographies, analyses of textual variants, and extensive references to ancient literature. However, I was left feeling that the text was more like a database than a commentary.
13 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Encyclopedic in Scope
By A Graduate Student
I was a part of a graduate (post seminary) seminar on Revelation and found Aune's three volumes to be extra-ordinarily valuable. Between all of the students, we used about all the major commentaries on Revelation, and while others were certainly profitable (including Beale's volume in the New International Greek Testament Commentary, Murphy's "Fallen Is Babylon," and Fiorenza's work)Aune's is encyclopedic and covers almost everything else that other commentators address. If you are looking for a less technical work, though, I recommend David Barr's excellent "Tales of the End."
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